IB AA · 4A Equations of Straight Lines
Turn a gradient and a y-intercept into ax + by + c = 0.
Start from slope-intercept form
y = mx + c
Clear the denominator
Multiply by the denominator so every coefficient is an integer.
One side zero
Move every term to one side. The other side is 0.
Neat coefficients
Divide out a common factor. Keep the coefficient of x positive when there is an x term.
Integer gradient and intercept.
y = mx + c
y = 3x − 1
Rearrange so one side is 0.
3x − y − 1 = 0
Answer: 3x − y − 1 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 2x + 3
Rearrange so one side is 0.
2x − y + 3 = 0
Answer: 2x − y + 3 = 0
y = mx + c
y = −x + 4
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x + y − 4 = 0
Answer: x + y − 4 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 3x − 2
Rearrange so one side is 0.
3x − y − 2 = 0
Answer: 3x − y − 2 = 0
y = mx + c
y = x
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x − y = 0
Answer: x − y = 0
y = mx + c
y = −4x + 5
Rearrange so one side is 0.
4x + y − 5 = 0
Answer: 4x + y − 5 = 0
One fraction.
y = mx + c
y = 23x + 4
Multiply both sides by 3.
3y = 2x + 12
Rearrange so one side is 0.
2x − 3y + 12 = 0
Answer: 2x − 3y + 12 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 12x + 3
Multiply both sides by 2.
2y = x + 6
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x − 2y + 6 = 0
Answer: x − 2y + 6 = 0
y = mx + c
y = −23x + 1
Multiply both sides by 3.
3y = −2x + 3
Rearrange so one side is 0.
2x + 3y − 3 = 0
Answer: 2x + 3y − 3 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 34x − 2
Multiply both sides by 4.
4y = 3x − 8
Rearrange so one side is 0.
3x − 4y − 8 = 0
Answer: 3x − 4y − 8 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 13x + 2
Multiply both sides by 3.
3y = x + 6
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x − 3y + 6 = 0
Answer: x − 3y + 6 = 0
y = mx + c
y = −12x − 4
Multiply both sides by 2.
2y = −x − 8
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x + 2y + 8 = 0
Answer: x + 2y + 8 = 0
A fraction in the gradient and in the intercept.
y = mx + c
y = −14x + 32
Multiply both sides by 4.
4y = −x + 6
Rearrange so one side is 0.
x + 4y − 6 = 0
Answer: x + 4y − 6 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 25x + 35
Multiply both sides by 5.
5y = 2x + 3
Rearrange so one side is 0.
2x − 5y + 3 = 0
Answer: 2x − 5y + 3 = 0
y = mx + c
y = −32x + 12
Multiply both sides by 2.
2y = −3x + 1
Rearrange so one side is 0.
3x + 2y − 1 = 0
Answer: 3x + 2y − 1 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 34x − 12
Multiply both sides by 4.
4y = 3x − 2
Rearrange so one side is 0.
3x − 4y − 2 = 0
Answer: 3x − 4y − 2 = 0
y = mx + c
y = −23x + 53
Multiply both sides by 3.
3y = −2x + 5
Rearrange so one side is 0.
2x + 3y − 5 = 0
Answer: 2x + 3y − 5 = 0
y = mx + c
y = 52x − 34
Multiply both sides by 4.
4y = 10x − 3
Rearrange so one side is 0.
10x − 4y − 3 = 0
Answer: 10x − 4y − 3 = 0
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